Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2023 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA) concepts have supported understanding human decision processes for agile and competitive decisions about human warfighters and human-centric operations. However, future military decision-making based on human-machine teaming relies on technology and interaction concepts that support joint human-machine intelligence, not just human capabilities, which require the modification of new OODA concepts. The Critique-Explore-Compare-Adapt (CECA) Loop is proposed as an improved descriptive model based on recent advances in the cognitive sciences. The CECA Loop has explicitly been based on the premise that goal-oriented mental models are central to human decision-making as the means to represent and make sense of the world. The model puts two mental representations, the conceptual model established through operational planning and the situation model, which represents the state of the battlespace, at the center of the decision- making process. Additionally, the four phases of the CECA Loop broadly correspond to the identification of information needs (Critique), active and passive data collection and situation updating (Explore), comparison of the current situation to the conceptual model (Compare), and adaptation to aspects of the battlespace that invalidate the conceptual model or block the path to goal completion (Adapt). Nevertheless, the CECA Loop is intended to serve as a simple but widely applicable framework to study decision-making in Command and Control (C2). The introduction of critical thinking elements and the exposition of the central role of planning and the mental representation of operational concepts in C2....
Online learning has become the need of a time. It is important to compare the effectiveness of classroom and online learning; teaching research methods with face to face interaction, online interactions are important components of learning and teaching in blended learning environment. Online courses help to reach more towards time and place bound students. Persistence in an online environment may be more challenging in classes than public administration classes. The study focuses on finding the opinion of students and teaching fraternity about effectiveness of online learning and classroom learning. This research is descriptive in nature conducted with the help of primary and secondary data. A survey was conducted through a questionnaire which was sent to teaching fraternity and students. The data obtained was analyzed with a percentage tool, weighted mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Findings can help the academician to understand the issues and challenges faced by students and teaching fraternity....
In today’s competitive corporate environment, cultural diversity significantly impacts a firm’s profitability. The workplace is an environment where people with different cultures can meet to collaborate and support the values and aims of the corporation. The current research is aimed at investigating the role of management in handling cultural diversity in the workplace. The qualitative research methodology is adopted to review the literature to address the research problem. The researcher reviewed the literature from 2019 to 2022. The findings have shown that cultural diversity could increase the performance of a business by bringing creativity, innovation and other beneficial elements to the firm. Though, it has certain drawbacks that can be addressed by appropriate handling by management. The management should devise proper strategies to promote tolerance, acceptance and respect for cultural diversity....
Despite the importance of computing software, the process of developing software still faces various challenges. One of these is the proper methodology for developing software. This paper aims to analyze the multiple dimensions of software development and how Agile practices can affect them. To gather information about the various dimensions of software development, we surveyed software professionals from different backgrounds. The findings of this study will be used to analyze the effects of ASD on the software industry of Tanzania. The collected information is analyzed in two ways. The first involves summarizing the findings of the surveys. The results of the surveys are presented in a graphical manner. They show the opinions of the survey respondents on the effectiveness of Agile practices. We then used quantitative methods to analyze the data. The results of the surveys support the hypothesis that there is a strong relationship between the effectiveness of Agile practices and the various dimensions of software design. The importance of the job fit of a software development team and the use of agile practices is acknowledged by the findings of the survey. In terms of time, quality, cost, and stakeholder satisfaction, the fit of the team and ASD is very important for successful software development. The findings of this study can be generalized to other companies in the software industry of Tanzania....
The business environment has been developing a growing interest in the concept of organizational culture, as it plays an important role in the functioning and results of organizations, but the public sector, although it has reformed over the years, these same reforms have not contributed to a competitive sector in the area of Human Resources and innovation. It continues to be a cumbersome and bureaucratic Administration, leaving little room to create commitment and sustainable cohesion with regard to human relations, procrastinating change and adapting to creativity and innovation. It is in these points that the weaknesses of the public service are found, with a strong conservative culture of legal imposition, although some authors defend that the restructuring has allowed some flexibility in the approximation to the principles of private management. Thus, the objective of this investigation is to contribute to a better understanding of the cultural characteristics of public organizations and their relationship with leadership. This study uses the exploratory sequential mixed method, starting with a qualitative data analysis, based on an exploratory interview with a general and open question, which gave rise to the problem and defined the literature to be applied. In the empirical analysis, real quantitative data were applied, acquired through a questionnaire survey, with 100 questions indexed to the four quadrants of Robert Quinn’s model of contrasting values. In short, the main conclusions obtained show a bureaucratic Public Administration, with a need for change and innovation, to respond to current demands, in order to provide quality and flexible services. The results demonstrate an organizational culture of rules, hierarchical, internally focused and with the structure in control. Managers corroborate the results of this culture, focused on internal processes and centred on the normal state of leadership....
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